# 线程的优先级

现代操作系统基本采用时分的形式调度运行的线程，操作系统会分出一个个时间片，线程会分配到若干时间片，当线程的时间片用完了就会发生线程调度，并等待着下次分配。线程分配到的时间片多少也就决定了线程使用处理器资源的多少，而线程优先级就是决定线程需要多或者少分配一些处理器资源的线程属性。在Java线程中，通过一个整型成员变量priority来控制优先级，优先级的范围从1\~10，在线程构建的时候可以通过setPriority\\(int\\)方法来修改优先级，默认优先级是5，优先级高的线程分配时间片的数量要多于优先级低的线程。设置线程优先级时，针对频繁阻塞（休眠或者I/O操作）的线程需要设置较高优先级，而偏重计算（需要较多CPU时间或者偏运算）的线程则设置较低的优先级，确保处理器不会被独占。在不同的JVM以及操作系统上，线程规划会存在差异， 有些操作系统甚至会忽略对线程优先级的设定，示例如代码清单所示。

```
package com.ise.api.thread;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Priority {
    private static volatile boolean notStart = true;
    private static volatile boolean notEnd = true;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        List<Job> jobs = new ArrayList<Job>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            int priority = i < 5 ? Thread.MIN_PRIORITY :Thread.MAX_PRIORITY;
            Job job = new Job(priority);
            jobs.add(job);
            Thread thread = new Thread(job, "Thread:" + i);
            thread.setPriority(priority);
            thread.start();
        }
        notStart = false;
        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(10);
        notEnd = false;
        for (Job job : jobs) {
            System.out.println("Job Priority : " + job.priority + ", Count :" + job.jobCount);
        }
    }

    static class Job implements Runnable {
        private int priority;
        private long jobCount;

        public Job(int priority) {
            this.priority = priority;
        }

        public void run() {
            while (notStart) {
                Thread.yield();
            }
            while (notEnd) {
                Thread.yield();
                jobCount++;
            }
        }
    }
}
```

输出结果如下：

```
Job Priority : 1, Count :558690
Job Priority : 1, Count :558188
Job Priority : 1, Count :559752
Job Priority : 1, Count :560058
Job Priority : 1, Count :559709
Job Priority : 10, Count :3659001
Job Priority : 10, Count :3629660
Job Priority : 10, Count :3629615
Job Priority : 10, Count :3640004
Job Priority : 10, Count :3634013
```

从输出可以看到线程优先级没有生效，优先级1和优先级10的Job计数的结果非常相近，没有明显差距。这表示程序正确性不能依赖线程的优先级高低。


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